Gambling takes many forms, including casino games, horse racing, sports book betting, lotto tickets, scratches, bingo, etc. For virtually everyone, gambling is a recreational activity and, as such, is done for fun. For most gamblers, their losses for the year will exceed their winnings, and since losses in excess of winnings are not deductible, most gamblers don’t bother to report either, which isn’t in line with the tax law’s filing requirements.
Article Highlights
- Winnings
- W-2G Reporting
- Losses
- Social Security Income
- Health Care Insurance Premium Subsidies
- Medicare B and D Premiums
- Online Gambling Accounts
Reporting Winnings and Losses
If your winnings at one time hit certain levels, the government requires the gambling establishment to collect your Social Security number and report your winnings to Uncle Sam on a Form W-2G. Gambling establishments will issue a Form W-2G if you:
- Win $1,200 or more on a slot machine or from bingo.
- Win $1,500 or more on a keno jackpot.
- Win more than $5,000 in a poker tournament.
- Win $600 or more from all other games, but only if the payout is at least 300 times your wager.
Reporting Winnings
Many individuals believe that they only have to report the winnings for which they receive a Form W2-G. Unfortunately, the IRS has a different viewpoint. Although you may be able to offset your reported gains with gambling losses, the IRS anticipates that you will also have had gambling winnings that were under the W2-G reporting threshold and will raise this issue during an audit.
Gambling Losses
The good news is that you can deduct gambling losses if you itemize your deductions but only to the extent of your gambling income. In other words, you can’t have a net gambling loss on your tax return. Bad news: if you don’t itemize your deductions, you will have to pay taxes on the entire winnings, even if you have a net gambling loss, as is the case for most individuals
GAMBLING GOTCHA #1 - Full amount of winnings ends up in Adjusted Gross Income
Since you cannot net your winnings and losses, the full amount of your winnings end up in your adjusted gross income (AGI). The AGI is used to limit other tax benefits, as discussed later. So, the higher the AGI, the more tax benefits may be limited.
GAMBLING GOTCHA #2 - You need to itemize deductions
If you don’t itemize your deductions, you can’t deduct your losses. Thus, individuals taking the standard deduction will end up paying taxes on all of their winnings, even if they had a net loss.
Tax reform brought higher standard deduction amounts and, for itemized deductions, limited the deduction for state and local taxes and eliminated the deduction for unreimbursed employee business expenses and investment expenses, among other changes. The anticipated result is that fewer taxpayers will be itemizing their deductions and more gamblers will be paying taxes on their winnings.
Documenting Losses
The next logical question is: how are you going to document your gambling losses, if audited? Don’t rush down to the track and start collecting discarded tickets, since they generally aren’t acceptable documentation because of their ready availability. The IRS has published guidelines on acceptable documentation to verify losses. They indicate that an accurate diary or similar record that is regularly maintained by the taxpayer, supplemented by verifiable documentation, will usually be acceptable evidence to substantiate wagering winnings and losses. In general, this diary should contain at least the following information:
(1) the date and type of each specific wager or wagering activity,
(2) the name of the gambling establishment,
(3) the address or location of the gambling establishment,
(4) the names of other persons (if any) present with the taxpayer at the gambling establishment, and
(5) the amounts won or lost.
Save all available documentation, including items such as losing lottery and keno tickets, checks, and casino credit slips. You should also save any related documentation such as hotel bills, plane tickets, entry tickets, and other items that would document your presence at a gambling location. If you are a member of a slot club, the casino may be able to provide a record of your electronic play. You might also obtain affidavits from designated gambling officials at the gambling facility. With regard to specific wagering transactions, your winnings and losses might be further supported by:
- Keno – Copies of keno tickets you purchased and that were validated by the gambling establishment.
- Slot Machines – A record of all winnings by date and time for each machine that was played.
- Table Games – The number of the table at which you were playing as well as casino credit card data indicating whether credit was issued in the pit or at the cashier’s cage.
- Bingo – A record of the number of games played, the cost of the tickets purchased, and the amounts collected on winning tickets.
- Racing – A record of the races, entries, amounts of wagers, and amounts collected on winning tickets and lost on losing tickets. Supplemental records can include unredeemed tickets and payment records from the racetrack.
- Lotteries – A record of ticket purchase dates, winnings, and losses. Supplemental records can include unredeemed tickets, payment slips, and winning statements.
Other Tax Side Effects of Gambling
Because gambling income is reported in full as income and the losses are an itemized deduction, gambling winnings increase a taxpayer’s AGI for the year. An individual’s AGI is used to limit other tax benefits, and having a gambling income can have an adverse impact on your taxes.
Here are some examples:
- Social Security Income – For taxpayers receiving Social Security benefits, whether those benefits are taxable depends upon the taxpayer’s AGI for the year. The taxation threshold for Social Security benefits is $32,000 for married taxpayers filing jointly, $0 for married taxpayers filing separately, and $25,000 for all other filing statuses. If the sum of AGI (before including any Social Security income), interest income from municipal bonds, and one-half the amount of Social Security benefits received for the year exceeds the threshold amount, then 50–85% of the Social Security benefits will be taxable.
GAMBLING GOTCHA #3 - Social security benefits could be taxable
If your gambling winnings push your AGI for the year over the threshold amount, then your gambling winnings – even if you had a net loss – can cause some (up to 85%) of your Social Security benefits to be taxable.
- Health Insurance Subsidies – Under Obamacare, lower-income individuals who purchase their health insurance from a government marketplace are given a subsidy in the form of a tax credit to help pay the cost of their health insurance. That tax credit is based upon the AGIs of all members of the family, and the higher the family’s income, the lower the subsidy will become.
GAMBLING GOTCHA #4 - Reductions to insurance subsidies
Thus, the addition of gambling income to your family’s income can result in significant reductions in the insurance subsidy, requiring you to pay more for your family’s health insurance coverage for the year. Additionally, if your subsidy was based upon your estimated income for the year, your premiums were reduced by applying the subsidy in advance, and you subsequently had some gambling winnings, then you could get stuck paying back part of the subsidy when you file your return for the year.
- Medicare B and D Premiums – If you are covered by Medicare, the amount you are required to pay (generally withheld from your Social Security benefits) for Medicare B premiums is normally about $130–$134 per month and is based on your AGI two years prior. However, if that AGI is above $85,000 ($170,000 for married taxpayers filing jointly), then the monthly premiums can more than triple. If you also have prescription drug coverage through Medicare Part D and your AGI exceeds the $85,000/$170,000 threshold, then your monthly surcharge for Part D coverage will range from $13.30 to $74.80 (2018 rates). The addition of gambling winnings to your AGI can result in higher Medicare B and D premiums.
GAMBLING GOTCHA #5 - Online Gambling Accounts with Foreign Companies
Online Gambling Accounts – If you have an online gambling account, there is a good chance that the account is with a foreign company. All U.S. persons with a financial interest or signature authority over foreign accounts with an aggregate balance of over $10,000 anytime during the prior calendar year must report those accounts to the Treasury by the April due date for filing individual tax returns or face draconian penalties.GAMBLING GOTCHA #6 - It doesn't matter if you're a winner or a loser (if...)
Regardless of whether you were a winner or loser, if your online account was over $10,000, you will be required to file a FinCEN Form 114 (Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts), commonly referred to as the FBAR. For non-willful violations, civil penalties up to $10,000 may be imposed; the penalty for willful violations is greater than $100,000 or 50% of the account’s balance at the time of the violation.
- Other Limitations – The forgoing are the most significant “gotchas.” There are numerous other tax rules that limit tax benefits based on AGI, as discussed in gotcha #1. These include medical deductions, child and dependent care credits, the child tax credit, and the earned income tax credit, just to name a few.
Questions about gambling and taxes?
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